From
Time Immemorial
Philistines and Palestinians
Jews Under Islam
Palestine and Early Jewish Immigration
Balfour Declaration
Birth of Israel and its Rejection by Arabs
Arab and Jewish Refugees
True Intentions of Arab States
Birth and Charter of PLO
Six Day War and the Peace Offer
Unwilling Occupiers
Terrorism and Propaganda - a Two-Pronged
Strategy
Peace with Egypt and Jordan
Israel - The Only True Democracy in Middle
East
Oslo - Agreements and Reality
Rejection at Camp David and Second Intifada
Bibliography
and Sources of Information
From
Time Immemorial
There is overwhelming
historical and archeological evidence that Jews where living in
the Land of Israel for thousands of years. Despite two exiles, one
diaspora and persecution by colonial powers, there was a constant
presence of Jews in Israel. Over many centuries, Jews maintained
a single language, religion and culture and never rescinded their
claims to nationhood. In the words of Abba Eban, "Nobody does Israel any service by proclaiming its 'right to
exist'. Israel's right to exist, like that of the United States,
Saudi Arabia and 152 other states, is axiomatic and unreserved.
Israel's legitimacy is not suspended in midair awaiting acknowledgment…"
Philistines
and Palestinians
Contrary to
popular belief, Palestinians are not descendents of the Philistines, or
"sea people" who settled the coast of Israel in 12BC and
were long forgotten before the name Palestine was invented. Palestine
is a creation of one of the great imperial powers that ruled this
land - the Roman Empire. The Jews posed a strategic problem for
Roman expansion. After the Bar-Kokhba revolt of 135 AD, Romans decided
to solve the problem once and for all. Jews were sent into slavery,
the names of Judea and Samaria were abolished, even Jerusalem was
renamed Aelia Capitolina. The new name for the country was invented
- Palestina. OK, so you said who they are not, but who are they,
where do they originate? (From Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, etc)
Arab hostility
towards Jews dates back to the origins of Islam. One of the first
Muslim conquests was the extermination of the Jewish tribes in the
areas of Mecca and Medina who refused to convert to Islam. The Koran itself
contains many passages denouncing Jews, Christians and other unbelievers.
Passages like "Fight against those who believe not in Allah"
are shaping Muslim psyche up to this very day. The prophet Mohammed's
pronouncement that there can not be two religions on the Arabian Peninsula
is responsible for the fact that even today no Jew is allowed to enter
Saudi Arabia and no Jew is allowed to live in Jordan. It also served
as an inspiration for Osama Bin Laden and his followers, who rebelled
against American bases on Saudi soil.
Caliph Omar,
who succeeded Mohammed, established the laws under which the non-believers,
or dhimmi, were allowed to live among Muslims. The central tenants
of these laws were special taxes that Jews (and Christians) had
to pay for protectio, sprinkled with a generous dose of daily humiliations,
like wearing special clothes and not being able to perform religious
services in public.
Islam spread
very quickly throughout the Middle East, Asia, North Africa and Southern
Europe. The Dome of the Rock, the first Muslim religious complex,
was built in 692 AD on the Temple Mount to signify the preeminence
of Islam over Judaism and Christianity. Jews were persecuted, robbed,
raped, and killed by Muslims over the centuries and an endless successions
of shahs, caliphs, sultans, pashas, generals and presidents.
Palestine
and Early Jewish Immigration
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Over the last
twenty centuries, the land of Israel was ruled by Romans, Byzantines,
Persians, Arabs, Crusaders, Mongols, Turks, and the British. The
period of Arab rule was relatively short (633AD-750AD), but do
you purposely differentiate here between Israel and the Land of
Israel? Israel had been under Muslim occupation for hundreds of years.
In the middle
of 19th century, Palestine was God-forsaken and uninhabitablel. The least
significant part of the Turkish Empire. The only thing it was rich in
was history. A German encyclopedia published in 1827 described Palestine
as a land "desolate and roamed through by Arab bands of robbers."
Mark Twain, who visited Palestine in the late 1860s, wrote: "Stirring scenes occur in the valley (Jezreel) no more.
There is not a solitary village throughout its whole extent - not
for forty miles in either direction. There are two or three small
clusters of Bedouin tents, but not a single permanent habitation.
One may ride ten miles hereabouts and not see ten human beings."
The modern
migration of Jews to Palestine began in the second half of
19th century. Contrary to lies promulgated by Arab propaganda, Jews
settled on land purchased, not stolen, from Arab (and non-Arab)
landowners; and on land that was unclaimed or thought to be uninhabitable (swamps, etc.) While the Jewish population of Western Palestine
was growing, so was the Arab population, attracted by the economic
opportunities presented by settlers. By the turn of the century,
there were close to 60,000 Jews and 92,000 non-Jews - Arabs, Bedouins,
Greeks, Armenians and many others. By 1947, the number of non-Jews
living in what would become Israel grew to 463,000, of which
half were recent immigrants (how many non-Jews were there by then?)
In 1948, many so called "Palestinian refugees" were
in fact recent arrivals returning home. The total number of Arabs
in Palestine grew much faster than the Jewish population chiefly
due to the policies of the Turkish and British administrations -
very liberal immigration policies for Arab nationals and very restrictive
policies for the Jews (the British "White Book" limiting
the yearly immigration of Jews to 40,000-60000).
Balfour
Declaration
At the result
of World War I, the Middle East was 'liberated' from the Turks by the British.
In 1917, General Allenby triumphantly entered Jerusalem, ending
centuries of Turkish occupation.
On November
2, 1917, the British Government published the famous Balfour Declaration:
"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment
in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish People…being
clearly understood that nothing shall be done to prejudice the civil
and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine"
The former
Ottoman Empire was divided among Britain and France. The new states
of Iraq, Syria and Lebanon were established with arbitrary borders
drawn by low-level British and French diplomats. In 1920, the British
were given the mandate over Palestine by the League of Nations.
A year later, they further divided the land into West Palestine
and Transjordan (Today's Jordan State). Jews were prohibited from
settling to the East of the Jordan River.
Birth
of Israel and its Rejection by Arabs |
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On May 14th,
1948, the United Nations voted for the partition of Palestine into a
Jewish and an Arab state. One of the first acts of the newly born
State of Israel was to "extend the hand of peace and good neighborliness
to all neighboring states and their people". The next day,
the Arab countries responded by declaring war. Armies of five Arab countries
invaded the newly born state. Azzam Pasha, the Secretary-General
of the Arab League declared: "This will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre
which will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacre and the Crusades."
Miraculously,
the Jewish State prevailed.
Arab
and Jewish Refugees
In the mayhem
of the war, hundreds of thousands of Arabs left Israel, not all
of them on their own accord. The majority, however, left because
of appeals from the Arab governments. They were convinced of their
quick return, as the Jewish State would be crushed by Arab might.
The quoted estimate of 600,000 to 900,000 refugees is largely inflated
due to a very liberal definition of what constitutes a refugee,
being anyone who claims to have lived in the area for at least two
years.
One of the
least publicized facts of modern history is the virtual extermination
of Jewish communities in Arab countries. Some of these communities
predated the birth of Islam by a millennia. The Jewish population
in Arab lands dwindled from 850,000 in 1948 to under 30,000 in 1982.
The creation of the State of Israel coincided with a series of well
organized desecrations, pogroms, confiscations of property and killing
of Jews throughout the Arab world. As a result, hundreds of thousands
of Jews from Arab countries immigrated to Israel and Western countries.
True
Intentions of Arab States
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The Land of
Israel is considered by Arabs to be a part of Umma - Muslim community,
state, empire. This is why it is so difficult for Arab governments
to admit Israel's right to exist. This is why the ultimate goal
of Israel's neighbors is its annihilation. In 1954, the Egyptian
Foreign Minister, Muhammad Salah al-Din said: "The Arab people will not be embarrassed to declare: We shall
not be satisfied except by the final obliteration of Israel from
the map of the Middle East".
But the Arab governments'
hatred of Israel is not just based on religious or nationalistic
fervor, and definitely not on compassion for their Palestinian brethren.
Its primary purpose is as an escape valve for its own people
who are oppressed under non-democratic corrupt Arab regimes.
Palestinian
Arabs became unwilling pawns in this game. Refugee camps in Gaza
and the West Bank were created by Egypt and Jordan; who had no intention
of assimilating Palestinian Arabs in their vast lands or granting
them independence. If they had done either of these things,
the refugee problem would not exist today. The true intentions
of Arab countries were quite farsighted - to create a time bomb
for Israel to deal with in years to come. In 1970, when Palestinians
tried to assert themselves in Jordan, the government of the "moderate"
King Hussein brutally crushed their aspirations in what became known
as Black September. Thousands of Palestinians were killed and the PLO
and its leaders were expelled from Jordan to Lebanon, where they
brought the near destruction of that country as well, until their
expulsion by Israel in 1982.
Birth
and Charter of PLO
The Palestinian
Liberation Organization was created in January 1964. Its charter
states that "Palestine, with the boundaries it had during the British
mandate, is an indivisible territorial unit" and "the
homeland of the Palestinian Arab people". It also states that "armed
struggle is the only way to liberate Palestine" and "commando
actions constitute the nucleus of Palestinian popular liberation
war." True to its charter, the PLO has perpetrated thousands of
terrorist acts killing thousands of Israeli citizens.
The racist
nature of the Palestinian National Charter is evident in the following
statements:
"Judaism, being a religion, is not an independent nationality.
Nor do Jews constitute a single nation with an identity of its own;
they are citizens of the state to which they belong". In short, back
to the dhimmi status.
Six
Day War and the Peace Offer
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On May 18th,
1967, the Voice of Arabs proclaimed: "The sole method we shall apply against Israel is a total war,
which will result in the extermination of the Zionist existence."
Two days later,
the Syrian Defense Minister and the future President, Hafez Assad,
announced:
"The time has come to enter a battle of annihilation".
In addition
to the rhetoric, Arabs closed the Suez Canal to Israeli ships, expelled
UN observers and UN troops from Sinai and called for a massive mobilization
of troops on the Israeli border.
On June 5th
Israel launched a preemptive strike. In a series of brilliant military
maneuvers it decimated the armies of the Arab countries. As a result,
it ended up controlling 18,000 square miles of the Sinai Peninsula,
the Golan Heights, and the West Bank, including Jerusalem. Israel offered
to return most of the territories (except Jerusalem and minor security
adjustments) in exchange for peace. Arabs summarily rejected the
offer with the famous three "no's" of the Chartoum declaration - no peace, no negotiation, no recognition.
As a result
of the 1967 war, Israel ended up controlling territories populated
with hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. While a lot is being
said about the so-called "brutal Israeli occupation",
little credit was given to the unprecedented economic growth
in the territories that far surpassed the growth in other Arab countries.
Since 1967,
261 new Arab settlements and 144 new Jewish settlements were built
in the West Bank and Gaza. Most of these settlements were built
after the 1973 war when Israel was ambushed by Arab armies. It was thought that settlements would provide an early warning and
defense system. Not everyone in Israel agreed with the pro-settlement
policies of successive Israeli governments. Israel offered to dismantle
the majority of settlements in exchange for peace.
Terrorism
and Propaganda - a Two-Pronged Strategy
After another
disastrous war in 1973, the Arab countries realized that Israel cannot
be defeated militarily. They adopted a two-pronged strategy - terrorism
to undermine the foundation of the Jewish State, and blatant anti-Jewish
propaganda that will fall on willing ears in the Soviet
Block, Third World countries and the latently anti-Semitic West.
This strategy, generously financed by the Saudis, proves to be very
successful to this very day. It succeeded in convincing the UN to equate
Zionism with Racism. It also succeeded in claiming the lives of thousands
of Israelis.
Peace
with Egypt and Jordan
Israel has
proven time and again that, given a willing and credible partner,
it is ready to make peace. In November 1977, Anwar Sadat, the President
of Egypt visited Jerusalem. The Israeli government negotiated a
peace agreement that has lasted for 25 years. It gave up
the territories, it gave up oil fields and dismantled strategic
defenses as well as Jewish settlements. Egypt was expelled from
the Arab League for nine years for making peace with Israel. President
Sadat paid the ultimate price for his courageous peace initiative
- he was assassinated in 1981 by Muslim extremists. A similar "land
for peace" agreement was reached in 1995 with King Hussein
of Jordan.
Israel
- The Only True Democracy in Middle East
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The Balfour
Declaration was predicated on protecting the civil and religious
rights of the non-Jewish population of Israel. True to its spirit, Israel is the
only democracy in the Middle East. Israeli Arabs are much better
off than their brethren in the Arab world, as witnessed by their
continuing sizable immigration into Israel.
United Nations
published the "Arab Human Development Report 2002" which
was authored by prominent Arab scholars. It looked into the reasons
for Arab countries falling further behind in the UN's Human Development
Index (HDI) that gauges a country's performance by its record in average
income, literacy, life expectancy, etc. The report stated three
main reasons - lack of freedom, lack of knowledge, and discrimination
of women. Israeli Arabs enjoy the same rights as Israeli Jews. Out
of 120 members of the Israeli Parliament, 10 are Arab nationals. Thousands
of Israeli Arabs are educated in Israeli Universities, and Israel is
one of the very few countries in the Middle East were Arab women
are allowed to vote.
Oslo
- Agreements and Reality |
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Despite decades
of a brutal terrorist war conducted by the PLO against Israelis and Jews,
Israel opened negotiations in hope that ever-lasting peace could be
achieved in the Middle East. In an atmosphere of global euphoria, a
peace accord was signed in Oslo. Rabin and Peres shook hands
with Arafat, and all three were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The world,
with tears in its eyes, was ready to shower billions of dollars
on the fledging Palestinian Autonomy. The visions of a new Middle
East that would be as politically stable as the European Union, and as
economically viable as Asian Tiger were abound.
The reality
was very different. Arafat was not bashful in revealing his true
intentions. In a speech at a mosque in Johannesburg in May 1994,
Arafat declared, in English, "I don't consider this agreement any more valid than the agreement
which was signed by our prophet Mohammed at Quraish." Arafat was
referring to the famous ten year peace pact that Muslims signed
with the Quraish tribe at Hudaibyia. The tribe was crushed two years
later when the Muslim force gained enough strength. Arafat was not kidding.
The Oslo agreement
promised "to live in peaceful coexistence, mutual dignity and
security." Arafat pledged to "turn the lives of the infidels
into hell." Oslo assured that "except for the Palestinian
Police and the Israeli military forces, no other armed forces shall
be established in the West Bank and Gaza strip." Arafat not
only did nothing to dismantle Hamas, Islamic Jihad and an alphabet
soup of assorted terrorist organizations, but he established a new
one - Tanzim or Al Aksa Brigades which proudly claims responsibility
for murdering innocent civilians. Oslo promised to ensure that "respective
educational systems contribute to the peace between Israeli and
Palestinian peoples". The Palestinian Authority, with the help
of generous donations from the European Union, has indeed revamped
its education system. The new textbooks read - "treachery and
disloyalty are character traits of the Jews, and therefore one should
beware of them."
Rejection
at Camp David and Second Intifada
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In 1999,
Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, with the decisiveness of a former
Army General, hit the 'fast forward to peace button'. The world
was at the brink of peace. Clinton was eager to leave behind the
legacy of solving the unsolvable. Israel made an unprecedented offer
of territorial concessions, on status of Jerusalem and refugees.
Arafat said NO. The only constructive thought that he offered
was the suggestion that the Temple didn't exist in Jerusalem but
in Nablus.
In December, the Clinton administration brokered another
offer - 97% of territories; East Jerusalem as the capital of a Palestinian
State;a $30B international fund to cover repatriation and resettlement
of refugees; and an international presence in Jordan Valley to ensure security.
The answer was again NO, without a counter-offer.
Why not 100%?
Why only 97%? Good question. The only problem is that Arafat never
asked. Arafat's answer was the second intifada. Thousands of Israelis
and Palestinians lost their lives.
There is no
end in sight.
Bibliography
and Sources of Information:
- Mitchell
G. Bard, Eli E. Hertz "Myths and Facts: A Guide to Arab-Israeli
Conflict", 2001
- Bernard
Lewis, "The Middle East: A Brief History of the last 2,000
Years", 1997
- Bernard
Lewis, "What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern
Response", 2002
- Joan Peters,
"From the Time Immemorial: The Origins of the Arab-Jewish
Conflict Over Palestine", 1984
- Joseph Farah,
"Shattering the Myths of the Middle East", Whistleblower,
pp 6-18, June 2002
- "Self-doomed
to Failure", The Economist, pp 24-26, July 6th, 2002
- Yoseff Bodansky,
"Bin Laden: The Man who Declared War on America", 1999,
2001
- Amin Maalouf,
"The Crusades through Arab Eyes", 1984
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